Spermatophytes include plants that use seeds to reproduce; gymnosperms and angiosperms are included.

Spermatophytes include plants that use seeds to reproduce; gymnosperms and angiosperms are included.

• A. They reproduce only by spores
• B. They require external fertilization by water
• C. They use seeds to reproduce; includes gymnosperms and angiosperms
• D. They are non-vascular

Answer: (C)

Seed-producing vascular plants, called spermatophytes, reproduce by seeds rather than spores. This group includes gymnosperms and angiosperms; seeds form from fertilized ovules and are protected within structures such as fruit in angiosperms or cones in gymnosperms. Fertilization is internal and accomplished by pollen grains delivering sperm to the ovule, so free-standing water is not required for fertilization. They are vascular plants, with xylem and phloem to transport water and nutrients. Because of these traits, the statement that spermatophytes use seeds to reproduce and include gymnosperms and angiosperms is the best description. The other options describe spore-producing plants, fertilization that requires water, or non-vascular plants, which do not apply to this group.

Seed-producing vascular plants, called spermatophytes, reproduce by seeds rather than spores. This group includes gymnosperms and angiosperms; seeds form from fertilized ovules and are protected within structures such as fruit in angiosperms or cones in gymnosperms. Fertilization is internal and accomplished by pollen grains delivering sperm to the ovule, so free-standing water is not required for fertilization. They are vascular plants, with xylem and phloem to transport water and nutrients. Because of these traits, the statement that spermatophytes use seeds to reproduce and include gymnosperms and angiosperms is the best description. The other options describe spore-producing plants, fertilization that requires water, or non-vascular plants, which do not apply to this group.